EncyclopediaDanbolina, ttun-ttuna

The tabor is a one-hand drum from the membranophone family.

Description of the instrument

This small drum has a cylindrical wooden box with bigger height than width. The leather membrane has a rope tensioning ; some more modern instruments have iron tensors. A string (bordón) made of gut or other material is placed against the lower skin to change and increase the sound of the instrument.

Way of playing

One txistulari is enough to give melody and rhythm, since one hand plays the txistu and holds the tabor with a rope, while the other hand holds the drumstick (makila or palo) and plays the drum with it.

History

The “danbolintero” (tabor placer) that has been given to the txistularis throughout history indicates that this membranophone has been important. In some regions the instrument is known as ttun-ttun, and in these places the txistulari is called “ttunttunerua”. The tambourine gives rhythmic support to the melody and few have been the txistularis who have not played this instrument.

Formerly they had different sizes. Currently two types are used: danbolina (small - sharp) and bombete (large - serious).

There is a great variety of performing styles. Some styles are simple and others have great complexity and require great skills, since they are played with one hand. We believe that the use of the atabal has greatly influenced the performance style of the tabor: in the territories where the txistularis have played alone, they have been better and more skilled at playing the tabor. Nowadays in txistu groups the tambourine is played as an aid or rhythmic complement to the atabal.

SOURCES

Bibliography

ANSORENA, Isidro (-): Txistu ots gozoa nola?

(1965). Txistu ots gozoa nola? Bigarren zatia.

ANSORENA, Jose Inazio. (1978). Txistu ikaskizunak. Lankide Aurrezkia.

(1982). Txistu gozoa. Lehenengo maila. Erviti argit.

(1983). Txistu gozoa. Bigarren maila. Erviti argit.

(1985). Txistu gozoa. Hirugarren maila. Erviti argit.

(1990). Txistu gozoa. Erdi maila. Erviti argit.

BARRENETXEA, José Mariano. (1984). Apuntes de Txistu. Galdakao-Bizkaia.

BELTRAN ARGIÑENA, Juan Mari. (1996). Soinutresnak euskal herri musikan. Hernani: Orain.

DONOSTIA, Aita. (1952). Instrumentos Musicales Populares Vascos. Obras Completas del P. Donostia. (Tomo II, 257-309). Bilbo: Ed. La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca.

EUSKAL HERRIKO TXISTULARI ELKARTEA. (1928- ). Txistulari aldizkaria.

OLAZARAN de ESTELLA, P. Hilario. (1951). Txistu. Tratado de flauta vasca. Bilbo. 1970.

Discography

ALDEKOA, Alejandro & Berrizko Herria. (1993). Alejandro Aldekoari omenaldia. GOR. G-513.

ANSORENA, Isidro & Banda de Txistularis del E.A.S.S. (1970). Bailes vascos. Columbia. C 7090.

ANSORENA, Jose Inazio. (1985). Donostiako Txistulari Udaltaldea: Donostiako Txistulari Udaltaldea. Dial Discos. Doblon. 50.1769.

(1991). Ansorenatarren Danbolinak. IZ. IZ-369.

(1993). Txistu hotsak. IZ. TZ-415.

(1994). Le Basque. IZ. IZ-421.

(1995). Haize hegoa. IZ. IZ-446.

(1996). Gipuzkoako soinu zaharrak. IZ. IZ-461.

BELTRAN ARGIÑENA, Juan Mari. (2017). Soinu-tresnak Euskal Herri Musikan. 1985-2010. Elkar-Soinuenea Fundazioa. KD DVD-E 968.

BILBOKO UDALETXEAREN TXISTULARIAK. (1977). Bilboko Udaletxearen Txistulariak. Movieplay-Kardantxa. 17.0911/0.

ELIZALDE, Maurizio. (1971). Baztango dantzak 1. HG-24. Baztango Dantzak 2. HG-26.

(1977). Lanzko zortzikoa-jostaketa dantzak. HG-OTS. HG-169.

MAKUSO, Miguel. (1977). Herriko Musika. Movieplay-Kardantxa. 17.0912/2.

Filmography

BASTERRETXEA-LARRUQUERT. (1968). Ama lur / Tierra madre. Euskadiko Filmategia.

BELTRAN ARGIÑENA, Juan Mari. (2017). Soinu-tresnak Euskal Herri Musikan. 1985-2010. Elkar-Soinuenea Fundazioa. KD DVD-E 968.

CARO BAROJA, Julio eta Pio. (1971). Navarra. Las cuatro estaciones. Gobierno de Navarra.

(1979). Gipuzkoa. Gipuzkoa-Donostia Kutxa.

LARRUKERT, Fernando. (1978). Euskal herri-musika. Euskadiko Filmategia.